Dechristianization in the Western Europe and contemporary institutions of capitalism
I.V. ROZMAINSKY
Candidate of Economics (PhD), Associate Professor, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Candidate of Economics (PhD), Associate Professor, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
TERRA ECONOMICUS, 2015, Vol. 13 (no. 1),
p. 30-42
The paper explores various issues of dechristianization as the factor which affects negatively on the institutions of capitalism. The point is that market capitalism cannot function effectively without adequate work of the forward contracts’ system. In turn, this system can normally function only under special informal institutions and features of human behavior. These ones are mainly low degree of opportunism, high propensity to undertake, high propensity to fulfill commitments, high degree of mutual trust, and absence of investor myopia. The most of these features had been shaped – in the Western countries – by the Christian ethics. The process of dechristianization in the Western countries (especially in the Western Europe) – which has been analyzed and showed in the paper – destroys both these norms and institutional foundations of capitalism. The consequence is both the fall of economic efficiency and rising susceptibility of contemporary capitalism to deep recessions.
Keywords: institutional economics; capitalism; institutions of capitalism; opportunism; dechristianization
References:
- Belonozhko G. (2011). How does God feel about being late? Your Bible (http://www.bible.com.ua/answers/r/35/316254). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2009). German MEP: «We do not know how to keep the Christian values safe»(http://www.cnlnews.tv/2009/11/12/cross). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2011). The number of Christians has decreased in Europe, but increased in Asia and Africa (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2011/12/27/christianity/). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2012). The number of Christians has decreased in Britain, the census revealed (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2012/12/13/britain/). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2013a). In England, the man’s job offer is declined, due to the fact that he is a Christian (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2013/03/25/discrimination). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2013b). In Norway, TV presenter sacked for wearing Christian cross on air (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2013/11/07/cross). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2013c). In the US, Catholic student was ordered to remove a cross (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2013/11/18/cross). (In Russian.)
- CNLNEWS(2013d). Vatican urged to stop discriminating against Christians in Europe (http://www.cnlnews.tv/2013/04/19/discrimination/). (In Russian.)
- Gorodnenko Y. (2014). Human values against the European ones. RIA.ru, May 23 (http://ria.ru/columns/20140523/1009039573.html). (In Russian.)
- Gospel of Luke. (In Russian.)
- Grigoryan V.(2013a). Different faces of Germany. Faith. Christian orthodox newspaper of the Russian North [Vera. Christianskaya pravoslavnaya gazeta Severa Rossii], no. 693, pp. 12–14. (In Russian.)
- Grigoryan V.(2013b). «Teacher! Tell my brother». Faith. Christian orthodox newspaper of the Russian North [Vera. Christianskaya pravoslavnaya gazeta Severa Rossii], no. 695, pp. 14–15. (In Russian.)
- How does the Christianity change (2014) // Voprosy religii, March 20. Voprosik(http://voprosik.net/kak-izmenyaetsya-xristianstvo/). (In Russian.)
- Keynes J.M.(1978). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Moscow: Progress Publ. (In Russian.)
- Keynes J.M.(1998). The General Theory of Employment. Istoki [Origins], vol. 3. Moscow: HSE Publ., pp. 280–292. (In Russian.)
- Khudiev S. (2013). Why Russia should support Christians. Radonezh.ru, August 23 (http://radonezh.ru/70470). (In Russian.)
- Layus D. andShpenev A.(2012). Europe: the heart of Christianity in the face of secularization and Islamization. Demoskop Weekly, no. 501–502, March 5–18 (http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0501/tema05.php). (In Russian.)
- Malakhov V. (2014). Cultural differences and political boundaries in the era of global migration. Moscow: Novoe litertaturnoe obozrenie Publ. (In Russian.)
- Meotti G. (2013). Così nell’Europa dei diritti le leggi ingabbiano la fede in Dio. Un saggio dell’americano Paul Coleman racconta «la fatale privatizzazione del cristianesimo in occidente». IL FOGLIO, 11 Luglio (http://www.ilfoglio.it/articoli/v/95708/rubriche/cos-nelleuropa-dei-diritti-le-leggiingabbiano-la-fede-in-dio.htm).
- Molodets P. (2011). Europe and its values. Familia Ortodoxă, December 14 (http://www.pravoslavie.ru/jurnal/50414.htm). (In Russian.)
- Nazarov M. (2005). «Death of the West», or What kind of world Russian rulers are seeking for? Rusidea.org(http://www.rusidea.org/?a=6029). (In Russian.)
- Rozmainsky I. V. (2014). Hedonistic culture and global crisis. Terra Economicus, vol. 12, no . 1, pp. 28–40. (In Russian.)
- Rozmainsky I.V. (2009). Uncertainty and Institutional Evolution in Complex Economic Systems: The Post Keynesian Approach. Voprosy economiki, no. 6, pp. 48–59. (In Russian.)
- Rozmainsky I.V. (2010). An Introduction to the Post Keynesianism. Idei i Idealy, no. 1 (3), vol. 1, pp. 88–105. (In Russian.)
- Shamir I. (2006). Liberalism’s Religious Roots. Paper presented at the conference «Religion in the modern system of international relations: liberalism and traditional consciousness», 2006, November 24,
- Saint-Petersburg State University. Realisty (http://www.realisti.ru/main/democracy/religioznye_korni_liberalizma.htm). (In Russian.)
- Vladykina T. (2012). If you do not have a wife. Whether era of loneliness threatens our country? Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 13 (http://www.rg.ru/2012/09/13/odinochestvo.html). (In Russian.)
- Weber M.(1990). Selected works. Moscow: Progress Publ. (In Russian.)
- Williamson O.(1996). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. Saint-Petersburg.: Lenizdat Publ. (In Russian.)
- Carvalho F.J.C. (1992). Mr. Keynes and Post Keynesians. Principles of Macroeconomics for a Monetary Production Economy. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
- Grahl J. (1988). Productivity Slowdown and Financial Tensions / In: Arestis P. (ed.).Post-Keynesian Monetary Economics: New Approaches to Financial Modelling. Aldershot. Edward Algar, pp. 183–218.
- Keynes J.M.(1930). A Treatise on Money. London: Macmillan.
- Kregel J.A.(1980). Markets and Institutions as Features of a Capitalistic Production Process. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 32–48.
- Rousseas S. (1998). Post Keynesian Monetary Economics. London: Macmillan.
- Wray L.R.(2011). Minsky’s Money Manager Capitalism and the global financial crisis. The Levy Economic Institute of Bard College. Working Paper.no. 661, March.
Publisher: Southern Federal University
Founder: Southern Federal University
ISSN: 2073-6606
Founder: Southern Federal University
ISSN: 2073-6606