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TERRA ECONOMICUS

Экономическое воздействие Covid-19 на рынок труда и человеческий капитал


TERRA ECONOMICUS, , Том 18 (номер 4),
Цитирование: Dvořák, M., Rovný, P., Grebennikova, V., Faminskaya, M. (2020). Economic impacts of Covid-19 on the labor market and human capital. Terra Economicus, 18(4), 78–96. DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-2020-18-4-78-96
Благодарность: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) и Краснодарского края Российской Федерации, проект № 19-413-230017.

В нашей статье рассматриваются экономические последствия пандемии COVID-19 для рынков труда и человеческого капитала. Наши результаты показывают, что, несмотря на все неблагоприятные последствия пандемии, такие как чрезмерная нагрузка на систему здравоохранения, ощутимый экономический ущерб и сбои на рынке труда (например, потери человеческого капитала и увеличение разрыва в гендерном неравенстве), обусловленные локдауном во многих странах, направленным на замедление распространения инфекции с целью сглаживания кривой, отражающей количество пациентов с COVID-19, нынешняя ситуация имела множество положительных экономических эффектов. Например, мы обнаружили, что недавняя пандемия способствовала расширению финансовой инклюзии. Кроме того, за последние несколько месяцев цифровизация и использование информационных технологий стали интенсивнее развиваться как на крупных, так и на малых предприятиях, а также в высших учебных заведениях. Более того, пандемия COVID-19 помогла повысить осведомленность об изменении климата среди многих людей, продемонстрировав, как снижение экономической активности может влиять на сокращение выбросов CO2. Кроме того, мы обнаружили, что пандемия COVID-19 способствовала оптимизации рабочей нагрузки и сокращению ненужной работы во многих крупных и малых компаниях и государственных учреждениях. Вероятно, большинство из них продолжат эту оптимизацию и цифровизацию работы после того, как пандемия закончится. И последнее, но не менее важное: мы отмечаем улучшение семейной жизни и межличностных отношений, которые, без сомнения, будут способствовать повышению качества человеческого капитала и уровня счастья. Наши результаты могут быть полезны государственным служащим и специалистам по рынку труда, которые хотели бы понять последствия пандемии COVID-19 и найти способы смягчить ее последствия.


Ключевые слова: рынок труда; COVID-19; человеческий капитал; экономическое влияние; пандемия; безопасность персонала

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Издатель: Южный Федеральный Университет
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ISSN: 2073-6606